Laws of perfect gas | Ideal gas law | Formula

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What is perfect gas?


A perfect gas is also called an ideal gas. It may be defined as a state of a substance, whose evaporation from its liquid state is complete. Intermolecular forces are neglected, in perfect gas models. The gas law was developed when scientists began to realize the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a sample of gas. That gas could be obtained which hold to an approximation of all gases. 

So overall, we can say that the physical properties of a gas are controlled by the following three variables:
  1. The pressure exerted by the gas
  2. Volume occupied by the gas
  3. The temperature of the gas
The behaviour of this perfect gas, undergoing any change in three variable above listed, is governed by the given four basic laws of a perfect gas. 

Perfect Gas Law:

  1. Boyle's Law
  2. Charles's Law
  3. Gay-Lussac's Law
  4. Avogadro's Law
Let we explained these laws in details below. 

  • Boyle's Law

Robert Boyle studied the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature. He studied and observed the volume is inversely proportional to its pressure. After that Boyle's law published in 1662. It states that, at a constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume of a given amount of gas in a closed system is always constant. 

Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of a perfect gas varies inversely as its volume, at a constant temperature. 

Formula: 

V ∞ 1 / P

P ∞ 1 / V

PV = K1

P1V1 = P2V2
Where, P = Pressure, V = Volume of a gas, K1 = Constant in this equation

  • Charles's Law
The law of Charles was founded in 1787 by Frenchman Jacques Charles. It states that, In a closed system at constant pressure for a given mass, the volume is directly proportional to its temperature. 

The statement of Charles law is at constant pressure, the given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. 

Formula:

V ∞ T 

V / T = K2

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
Where, V = Volume of a gas, T = Absolute temperature, K2 = Constant in this equation

  • Gay-Lussac's Law
Gay-Lussac's Law is also called Amonton's Law or the pressure law. It was founded in 1808 by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. 

This law states that at constant volume, for a given mass the pressure exerted on the sides is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. 

Formula:

P ∞ T 

P / T = K3

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
Where, P = pressure, T = Absolute temperature, K = Constant in this equation

  • Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law founded in 1811. It states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules of the gas. 

Formula:

V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
Where, n = number of molecules of gas, V = Volume of gas

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