What is torque | Types | Formula | Unit

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Definition of Torque: 


 The twisting force that causes motion is known as torque refers to the turning effect. The point of the rotation of the object is called the axis of rotation. The concept of torque originated with the studies by Archimedes when ideas of the usage of the levers.

Force is what causes a body or object to accelerate in linear kinematics, likewise, torque is what causes an angular acceleration. Thus torque can be defined as the rotational equivalent of linear force. 

Types of torque: 


Torque can be classified into two types following below. 
  • Static Torque
The torque that does not produce an angular acceleration is called static torque.

Example: A person pushing a closed-door is applying a static torque because the door is not rotated despite the force applied. 
  • Dynamic Torque
The torque that does produce an angular acceleration is called dynamic torque. 

Example: The drive shaft in a racing car accelerating from the start line exhibits dynamic torque because it must be producing an angular acceleration of the wheels.

How to calculate torque?


A basic way to calculate the magnitude of the torque is to first determine the lever arm and then multiplied it times the applied force. 

How to calculate torque
Torque Calculation Formula


Now, we follow the above sentence, we conclude that torque produced depends on the magnitude of the force and the distance between the point about which torque can be calculated. So mathematically torque is calculated following below.

τ = F x r x sinθ

Torque Formula:


The above equation can be represented as the vector product of force and distance of the vector τ = r x F. It is a vector product hence torque also be a vector quantity. 

τ = r x F = r x F x sinθ

τ = Torque
r = distance measured from the rotational axis
F = Applied linear force 
θ = The angle between F and r

Units of Torque: 


SI Unit: Newton-meter (N-m), kg⋅m2⋅s−2

Other Unit: pound-force-feet, ozf-in,  lbf-inch

Dimension: M L2T−2

Application of Torque:

  • In gyroscope
  • In bicycle to automobile vehicle and cars
  • In pendulum
  • In seesaws
  • In wrenches

Comments

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